The English and their History by Robert Tombs

England had a troubled birth at a troubled time. During the fifth, sixth and seventh centuries, transforming events of human history were taking place far away: the great Chinese Empire was reunited under the Tang dynasty; the emperor Justinian struggled to reestablish the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople; the new monotheistic religion of Islam began its conquest of western Asia, the southern Mediterranean and Iberia. Britain, along with most of the former Western Roman Empire, had been transformed by an influx of marauding war bands. But, unlike most provinces, it did not come under the power of a single Germanic conqueror with a large army, able to set up an extensive kingdom1 such as Clovis, king of the Franks from 481, who dominated Gaul, or Theodoric the Great, who established an Ostrogothic kingdom in Italy in 493, or Clovis’s Frankish successor, Charlemagne (r. 768–814), who created a vast if ephemeral empire from the Pyrenees to the Baltic, being crowned emperor by Pope Leo III in the auspicious year 800. Britain’s insular position was largely responsible for its piecemeal conquest.

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Even then, group boundaries were loose. Languages were in flux, with Germanic and Latin dialects coalescing and diverging in different ways. So conditions were not favourable for the development of homogeneous “peoples” or organized “nations.” The identities that mattered were either wider for example, to coreligionists  or much narrower: to family and kin-group, to local community, to a war leader. These overrode any larger loyalty, for they made life possible, giving protection, keeping order, dealing out punishment and reward. To be alone was likely to be fatal: even slavery might be better. So the conception of a single English nation was surprising, and its survival improbable.

Detail Buku:

Judul         : The English and Their History
Penulis      : Robert Tombs

Penerbit     : ALFRED A. KNOPF
ISBN         : 9781101874776
Tebal         : -

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